June 2022
Introduction
Lawyers for Lawyers, The 29 Principles, Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada, International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI), Paris Bar Association, Human Rights Now, Bar Human Rights Committee of England and Wales, and China Change are submitting the following observations on the situation of lawyers in the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong for the UN Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers for his consideration of his report to the UN Human Rights Council in June 2022. Lawyers in China have been facing various kinds of harassment for their human rights work, including disbarment, arbitrary detention (in some serious cases also subjected to incommunicado detention and torture and other ill-treatment), and denial of access to their clients. There is no independent judiciary in China. Lawyers in China are all registered with the semi-official All-China Lawyers Association and their legal practice licenses are controlled by the judicial authorities who manage their annual registration. Human rights lawyers are often targeted by the authorities and disbarred due to their human rights work. In Hong Kong, lawyers express frustration of getting more difficult to help their clients to apply for bail in national security cases as judges are not required to disclose their reasons for granting bail or not in accordance with Hong Kong laws. A solicitor who ran for the election of the Law Society of Hong Kong withdrew from the election at the last minute, citing a warning from an unidentified individual. Legal aid for some cases, especially on national security cases, has been reportedly excluded for some lawyers as the government has proposed that legal aid will be given to cases handled by government-appointed lawyers.
Suspension and revocation of lawyers' licenses
Between 2016 and 2018, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted and amended two administrative regulations, the Administrative Measures for the Practice of Law by Lawyers and the Measures on the Administration of Law Firms. As outlined by CHRD and ISHR in a submission to the UN Special Procedures, the two regulations violate international human rights standards. The submission further includes case examples of lawyers who, due to the exercise of their rights to freedom of assembly, association and expression, as well as their professional rights as lawyers, have been concretely and negatively impacted by the two regulations and the repressive environment for lawyers created by the government.
Notably, the two administrative regulations require lawyers to have their license to practice law renewed annually. The Bureau of Justice, a lower-level executive branch of the Ministry of Justice, is in charge of the issuing, renewal and revocation of licenses. The administrative regulations impose strict rules of conduct upon lawyers and law firms for obtaining and renewing their licences to practice law, which form excessive restrictions upon the freedom of expression of lawyers. The Bureau of Justice, being part of the executive branch, does not operate as an independent and impartial disciplinary committee. There is also no option to appeal the decision to revoke a license before an independent court.
According to research by The 29 Principles, between January 2017 and October 2021, at least 43 defence lawyers and three law firms have been penalised under these regulations by having their license suspended, cancelled or revoked by the judicial bureau of China. This compares to 20 cases over the period 2004-2014 and nine cases over the period 2014-2016. In other words, more than 40 lawyers had their legal practicing certificates suspended or revoked due to their human rights work in the last five years. It is clear that these administrative measures are part of an increasingly repressive political environment that harasses and punishes human rights lawyers, preventing them from continuing their work to protect the rights of others and undermining their economic, social and cultural rights.
The revocation and suspension of the law licenses of human rights lawyers continues today. In 2021, lawyers facing this form of harassment included Lu Siwei, Ren Quanniu, Xi Xiangdong, Zhou Ze, Peng Yonghe, Chang Weiping, Yang Bin, Lin Qilei and Liang Xiaojun.
In 2017, Shanghai lawyer Zhang Zhan was suspended from legal practice. This seemed to have happened after she joined a signature campaign against the amendments to the regulations on law firms and lawyers. Zhang Zhan later took part in various protests, including supporting the anti-extradition bill protests in Hong Kong in 2019, and was briefly detained. On 14 May 2020, she was taken from Wuhan to Shanghai and detained by the Shanghai police after she published a series of video reports about the pandemic situation in Wuhan. On 28 December 2020, she was sentenced to four years imprisonment for "picking quarrels and provoking trouble". She launched a hunger strike and was force fed in detention. Her weight fell to less than 40kg by the end of July 2021. Her health condition is critical.
Criminal Prosecution of Lawyers
In their UPR Mid-Term Report, Lawyers for Lawyers (L4L) and Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada (LRWC) have identified cases in which lawyers are hindered in the execution of their professional functions by threats, intimidation and harassment. China has failed to implement UPR recommendations in which it accepted to make efforts to create an environment in which human rights defenders can freely operate in accordance with international standards and to guarantee fair trials, including unhindered access to lawyers of choice. Lawyers in China working on sensitive cases have been subjected to several forms of harassment including improper interference, illegitimate prosecutions, unfair trials, arbitrary deprivation of liberty, incommunicado detention, enforced disappearance, torture and ill-treatment, and denial of access to an independent, impartial and competent judiciary to determine criminal charges and rights to remedies and appeal.
These lawyers include Qin Yongpei, Chang Weiping, Li Yuhan, Ding Jiaxi and Yu Wensheng.
Lawyers prosecuted for alleged criminal offences, including Chang Weiping and Ding Jiaxi, are regularly held in a form of incommunicado detention called "Residential Surveillance at an Undisclosed Location" (RSDL). RSDL was introduced into the PRC Criminal Procedure Law in 2012. RSDL can be imposed upon those suspected of “crimes endangering state security or terrorist activities”. Reportedly, RSDL is essentially a legalized form of enforced disappearance during which detainees are often subjected to physical and psychological torture. In particular, since 2015, after the “709 crackdown”, Chinese authorities have used RSDL mainly against lawyers and human rights defenders. In 2018, UN experts identified RSDL as a form of enforced disappearance, a grave violation of human rights under international law which exposes victims to heightened risks of torture and ill-treatment.
According to our information, in addition, there are multiple cases where human rights lawyers who are detained cannot meet or communicate with their defence lawyers, including but not limited to the cases of Gao Zhisheng (see JUA CHN 8/2017 and 5/2020) and Jiang Tianyong (see JUA CHN 13/2016, 15/2016, and 9/2019).
The enforced disappearance of human rights lawyer Gao Zhisheng is of grave concern. He was taken away from his home in Shaanxi province on 13 August 2017 and no information has been heard from him since then. Mr. Gao was previously detained in 2006 and subsequently suffered from disappearances, beatings and torture. He was imprisoned for "inciting subversion" in 2011-2014 and was released in August 2014. His family, who are now living in the US, have repeatedly expressed concerns about his safety and have worried about whether he is still alive.
Denial of access to lawyers of one's own choosing
Detainees under RSDL are frequently denied access to legal counsel which is guaranteed under Article 37 of China's Criminal Law within 48 hours of making a request.
In the case of Yu Wensheng, whose detention was deemed arbitrary by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) during its 84th session (Opinion No 15/2019), lawyers hired by Mr. Yu's family were refused access and were given a statement, allegedly written and signed by Mr Yu, dismissing the lawyers and requesting that his family not hire another lawyer. Mr Yu had recorded a video before his arrest stating that he would not voluntarily renounce his legal counsel (AL CHN 16/2020). In the cases of lawyers Qin Yongpei and Chang Weiping, the WGAD found that requests to meet with lawyers were repeatedly denied by the authorities (AL CHN 20/2020).
Restrictions on lawyers' access to human rights defenders are rampant, as exemplified and evidenced in the case of Ou Biaofeng, a prominent human rights defender, who was detained on 2 December 2020 for "picking quarrels and provoking trouble." On 18 December 2020, after 15 days of administrative detention, he was detained for a further six months under RSDL on the charge of "inciting subversion of state power." He was formally arrested on this latter charge on 22 July 2020. During this process, Mr Ou was deprived of access to his own lawyer and only allowed a government-appointed lawyer. That lawyer refused to meet with Mr Ou's wife to discuss his case.
Other detained lawyers whose access to legal counsel has been restricted include Li Yuhan, Chang Weiping, Qin Yongpei and Ding Jiaxi.
Pressure Facing Lawyers in Hong Kong SAR
In Hong Kong, after the National Security Law was imposed by the central government of China in June 2020, lawyers in Hong Kong have felt increasing pressure from authorities. Among the dissidents detained in relation to national security charges or denial of freedom of assembly, veteran solicitor and former legislator Albert Ho and barrister Chow Hang Tung are facing trials and potentially long sentences for their participation - and their call for others to participate - in what had been an annual peaceful commemoration of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre. A candidate for the board of the Law Society of Hong Kong withdrew from the election at the last minute, citing advice from an unidentified source. Recently, the Hong Kong government proposed to amend the law so that only government-appointed lawyers can represent clients in judicial review cases if legal aid is used. For example, Paul Harris SC, chairperson of the Hong Kong Bar Association, has been reportedly "removed" from representing his client Adam Ma, an activist accused of inciting secession, before his trial. Barristers are finding it difficult to assist their clients to apply for bail in national security cases, as judges are not making any consistent decisions on bail applications, and release on bail is the exception rather than the rule under the national security law.
Recommendations:
- The PRC government should follow the requirements of UN treaties that it has ratified, including the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;
- The PRC government should follow the recommendations made by the UN Special Procedures to eliminate arbitrary detention of the cases of human rights lawyers and defenders and eliminate the practices of enforced disappearance, torture and ill-treatment and all other human rights violations within the system of "residential surveillance in a designated location".
- The PRC government should implement in good faith all UPR recommendations it has accepted.
- The PRC government and the Hong Kong government should respect the rights of lawyers and ensure the independence of the legal profession and the independence of the judiciary in accordance with the standards set out in the UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers.
Appendix:
Annex 1: List of cases compiled by Lawyers for Lawyers
Qin Yongpei
On 31 October 2019, human rights defender Qin Yongpei was detained in an apparent retaliation for criticizing the corruption of high-level Chinese officials on social media after police raided his office.10 He was charged with “inciting subversion of state power” more than a month after his arrest and has been in police custody ever since. The Nanning police has continuously refused requests by Qin Yongpei’s lawyers to meet their client but did bring in Mr. Qin's two daughters for questioning.
In the months after his arrest, Mr. Qin's case was transferred back and forth between different authorities. Meanwhile, the potential spread of COVID-19 was invoked as a reason to deny him visitation from family and legal representation. Additionally, L4L and LRWC have received reports that authorities in China repeatedly visit and harass Mr. Qin's family.
On 26 May 2020, Qin Yongpei was allowed to meet his lawyer for the first time since his arrest in 2019. Three days later the Nanning procuratorate sent its decision to prosecute Mr. Qin for “inciting subversion of state power” to the Nanning Intermediate People’s Court. Mr. Qin remains in custody to this day. [1]
On 4 August 2021, he was allowed to meet his wife, Deng Xiaoyun, at a detention centre in Nanning. This was the first time she had been allowed to see him since he was detained in October 2019. Mr. Qin reportedly looked emaciated and his hair had greyed. The human rights defender told his wife that he would not plead guilty and wished for his trial to be open to the public.
Having approved an application by Ms. Deng to be Mr. Qin's defender in May 2021, the Nanning Intermediate People's Court invited Mr. Qin and Ms. Deng for a pre-trial preparatory meeting on 13 October 2021, nearly two years after the commencement of Mr. Qin's detention. [2]
Chang Weiping
Since 2013, Chang Weiping has represented victims of workplace discrimination over HIV/AIDS, litigated cases involving defective vaccines and defended rights activists. He was arrested in January 2020 after he attended a gathering of lawyers and activists in Xiamen after the mass arrests during the ‘1226 crackdown’. After the arrest Chang Weiping was held under residential surveillance at a designated location (RSDL, a form of enforced disappearance provided for under Chinese law), in this case, a hotel, for 10 days. His license to practice law was suspended.
Mr. Chang was arrested again by the Baoji City Public Security Bureau on 22 October 2020. His arrest followed six days after he openly accused Baoji police of torture during his January hotel detention.
Mr. Chang currently remains under RSDL for charges of “subversion of State power” and his requests for legal representation is being systematically denied. Applications for bail have been rejected several times. [3]
In the afternoon of 14 September 2021, Chang Weiping was allowed to meet his lawyer for the first time since his detention. The meeting took place at the Feng County Detention Centre, where the human rights defender was transferred in April 2021 after spending almost six months under RSDL.
Mr. Chang continues to await charges in custody after his case was returned by the prosecution to Baoji police for supplementary investigation on 22 October 2021.
Li Yuhan
In November 2019, after being held in detention since October 2017, human rights lawyer Li Yuhan told her lawyer that the court had said that she only would be allowed to practice law again after release if she confessed to the supposed crime of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. [4] She refused, insisting that she had not committed any crime. Li Yuhan’s trial has already been postponed several times and her court date has currently been set on 27 August 2021. [5]
Li Yuhan has several urgent medical conditions (arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, unstable angina, hyperthyroidism, acute erosive gastritis, cerebral concussion, among others) but has been denied the necessary medical treatment. Applications for bail have been denied. Attempts by her brother to provide her with the necessary medication were stopped by the authorities. The current status of Li Yuhan’s health is unknown. On 11 July 2021 Li Yuhan was able to meet her lawyer and told him that she is still being pressured to confess by the authorities. [6]
On 12 July 2021, Li Yuhan's defense lawyer met her at the No. 1 Detention Centre in Shenyang city. The human rights defender told her lawyer that a judge has urged her to confess, but she refused. The judge told her that the prosecutors have recommended a sentence of between five to six years. The trial has now been postponed to 27 August 2021.
On 20 October 2021, Li Yuhan took place at the Heping District People's Court in Shenyang city. Other human rights lawyers and defenders who attempted to observe the trial were blocked from entering the courthouse, which was guarded with heavy police presence. One of Li Yuhan's two defense lawyers was able to attend the trial. Her other defense lawyer can no longer represent her because his own law firm's operating license was arbitrarily invalidated in January 2021 and he has been unable to secure employment at another law firm. Human rights lawyer Wang Yu, who arrived in Shenyang the day before, attempted to submit credentials to represent Li Yuhan but was rejected by the presiding judge. [7]
Ding Jiaxi
Beijing lawyer Ding Jiaxi was detained by Shandong police on 26 December 2019 as part of a mass arrest known as the '1226 Crackdown'. The Shandong police searched his home and confiscated his computer, phone, and other personal belongings without presenting any arrest warrant. After his arrest, Ding Jiaxi was held in RSDL for 326 consecutive days, during which he was subjected to torture. For a long time, requests to see his lawyer were denied on grounds of 'endangering national security'. Since January 2021, Ding Jiaxi has been able to meet with his lawyers. [8] At the time of his arrest, Ding Jiaxi was charged with “inciting subversion of state power”. In January 2021 these charges were changed to 'subverting state power', which carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. [9]
On 19 May 2021, Ding Jiaxi was allowed another video call with his legal counsel. Ding Jiaxi told his lawyer that detainees are permitted to partake in outdoor activities for less than 30 minutes a day and that their masks are changed only once every three weeks. Due to the low quality of dental hygiene provided by the detention centre, the condition of the human rights defender's teeth is deteriorating. Ding Jiaxi also said his eyesight has deteriorated, and he has still not been given any paper or pen to write with by authorities.
On 21 May 2021, the Linyi Municipal Procuratorate informed Ding Jiaxi's legal counsel that it has sent his case back to the Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau for a second round of supplementary investigation. Once the supplementary investigation has concluded and the case is sent back to the Procuratorate, the Procuratorate must then decide whether or not to prosecute within a month. The Procuratorate may extend this deadline by another 15 days if a case is deemed "major or complicated" or if the sentence might exceed one year of imprisonment.
On 5 August 2021, Ding Jiaxi's lawyer was informed that the prosecutors in Linyi city, Shandong province, have decided to indict the human rights defender. The case has been transferred to the Linyi Municipal Intermediate People's Court. On 20 October 2021, Mr. Ding's lawyer's preparation for trial was hindered by court officials' refusal to allow him unconditional access to the case files. [10]
Yu Wensheng
The Beijing lawyer Yu Wensheng was arrested on 19 January 2018, one day after he published an open letter calling for reforms such as the holding of fair elections. In May 2019 he was secretly tried at the Xuzhou Municipal Intermediate Court. His two lawyers had not been informed, nor had the court published a notice about the trial as required by regulations.
On 17 June 2020, the Xuzhou Intermediate People's Court convicted Yu Wensheng of 'inciting subversion of State Power' and sentenced him to four years' imprisonment, followed by three years' deprivation of political rights.
On 14 August 2020 Yu Wensheng was permitted to meet a lawyer of his choice for the first time. His application for bail has been rejected.18 Yu Wensheng’s wife confirmed that he has serious health problems and that his health continues to deteriorate whilst being held in prison. [11]
On 15 April 2021, the Nanjing Prison authorities arranged a 30-minute video meeting between Yu Wensheng and his wife and older brother. The prison authorities informed the family that they had taken the human rights defender to a hospital for an orthopedic and neurosurgical examination, with the orthopedic surgeon concluding that Yu Wensheng's right hand trembles due to nerve damage from an external injury. Mr. Yu was allowed a first visit, from his wife and son, on 9 May 2021 since his detention over three years prior.
On 9 May 2021, Yu Wensheng received a visit from his wife, Xu Yan, and their son at the Nanjing Prison. This is the first time the human rights defender has been allowed to meet with his son since he was detained in January 2018. [12]
Ren Quanniu
Ren Quanniu is one of two Chinese lawyers involved in defending one of the 12 Hong Kong human rights activists who were caught at sea while trying to flee to Taiwan. Authorities refused to allow him access to his client and threatened him not to continue with the case. His license to practice law was revoked on 2 February 2021 and his law firm was ordered to disband on 28 March 2021. [13]
In early July 2021, disbarred human rights lawyer Ren Quanniu attempted to establish a new company to provide legal consulting services. When he tried to register his company online with the Zhengzhou municipal authorities, the online registration system indicated that his name has been blacklisted and he is thus prohibited from registering himself as a shareholder.
Lu Siwei
Lu Siwei is a Chengdu based human rights lawyer who is outspoken about incidents of social injustice and the suffering of vulnerable groups. His work has focused on issues, such as freedom of expression, enforced disappearances, and torture. Mr. Lu has defended fellow human rights lawyers who are facing criminal prosecution, or who have already been convicted. These include Qin Yongpei and Yu Wensheng. He also represented one of the 12 Hong Kong human rights activists who were caught at sea while trying to flee to Taiwan. On 15 January 2021, Lu Siwei's lawyer's license was revoked, because of “inappropriate” and “malicious” online expressions which have “harmed national security”.
On 8 May 2021, immigration officers at the Shanghai Pudong Airport stopped him from boarding his flight to the United States, where he is due to participate in a fellowship programme. The officers informed Mr. Lu that an exit ban had been imposed against him on "national security" grounds.
On 13 July 2021, Mr. Lu went to the Chengdu Qingyang District Court in an attempt to initiate an administrative lawsuit against the Sichuan Provincial Judicial Department for revoking his lawyer's license. Meanwhile, Mr. Lu remains unable to do his job. [14]
Zhou Ze
On 7 January 2021, Zhou Ze's license was suspended for a year after he posted videos on social media showing police using torture to extract confessions from witnesses and a defendant he was representing. The Justice Bureau said in its ruling that Zhou had 'violated the lawyers' code of conduct in order to "influence a case that is proceeding through inappropriate methods". [15]
Xi Xiangdong
On 27 January 2021, Xi Xiandong was notified that his lawyer’s license would be revoked. Xi Xiangdong has represented multiple victims of human rights abuses, including human rights lawyers who have been detained because of their work. Authorities stated that Xi Xiandong's license was revoked for 'disrupting order in a court' as he allegedly repeatedly disrupted the judge and the prosecutor's speeches and spoke without the judge's permission during a trial. [16]
Peng Yonghe
Peng Yonghe, a Chinese lawyer who has handled Falun Gong cases and has represented dissidents, received a notice that his legal license would be revoked on 29 January 2021. His legal license is officially suspended, because he had not been hired by a law firm since last spring. According to China’s regulations, a lawyer's license can be suspended if they have not been employed by a law firm for over six months. However, multiple law firms had expressed interest in employing Peng but were warned by the authorities not to hire him because Peng was “too political”. [17]
Yang Bin
In August 2020 Guangdong-based civil rights lawyer Yang Bin and former prosecutor was informed that the Chinese authorities were planning to suspend her license to practice law. The authorities took this measure after Yang Bin sheltered fugitive rights activist Xu Zhiyong. She had also taken on several human rights cases against the government. [18]
[1] Frontline Defenders, Qin Yongpei (n.d.), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/qin-yongpei; L4L, One year since the formal arrest of Qin Yongpei (3 December 2020), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/one-year-since-the-formal-arrest-of-qin-yongpei/.
[2] Frontline Defenders, Nanning court prepares for Qin Yongpei's trial (October 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/nanning-court-prepares-qin-yongpeis-trial.
[3] Frontline Defenders, Chang Weiping (n.d.), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/chang-weiping; Amnesty International, China: Lawyer shares allegations of torture, detained: Chang Weiping (16 November 2020), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/3333/2020/en/; L4L, Concerns about the suspension of the legal practicing licenses of Yang Bin en Chang Weiping (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-suspension-of-the-legal-practicing-licenses-of-yang-bin-en-chang-weiping/; L4L, Joint statement on the continued enforced disappearance of Chang Weiping (26 May 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/joint-statement-on-the-continued-enforced-disappearance-of-chang-weiping/.
[4] L4L, Letter on the ongoing detention of Li Yuhan (9 October 2020), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/en/letter-on-the-ongoing-detention-of-li-yuhan/.
[5] Frontline Defenders, Li Yuhan’s Health Deteriorates and Under Duress to Confess (14 July 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/li-yuhans-health-deteriorates-and-under-duress-confess.
[6] Idem ad 4.
[7] Frontline defenders, Li Yuhan tried in court (October 2020), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/li-yuhan-tried-court.
[8] L4L, Ding Jiaxi (19 June 2019), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/advocaten/ding-jiaxi/.
[9] L4L, Joint Statement on the concerning developments in de case of Ding Jiaxi (26 May 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/joint-statement-on-the-concerning-developments-in-the-case-of-ding-jiaxi/.
[10] Frontline Defenders, Ding Jiaxi faces health concerns (October 2020), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/ding-jiaxi-faces-health-concerns.
[11] L4L, Concerns about deteriorating health Yu Wensheng (17 June 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-deteriorating-health-yu-wensheng/.
[12] Frontline Defenders, Yu Wensheng sentenced, and transferred from the Xuzhou detention centre to the Nanjing prison (November 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/yu-wensheng-detained-and-charged-disrupting-public-service.
[13] Frontline Defenders, Ren Quanniu (n.d.), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/ren-quanniu.
[14] Frontline Defenders, Lu Siwei’s Lawyer’s License Revoked (25 January 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/upcoming-hearing-revocation-human-rights-lawyer-lu-siwei%E2%80%99s-license; Hong Kong Free Press, Lawyer who handled ‘Hong Kong 12’ case loses legal license (15 January 2021), https://hongkongfp.com/2021/01/15/lawyer-who-handled-hong-kong-12-case-loses-legal-licence/.
[15] L4L, Concerns about the revocation of licenses of Xi Xiangdong and Zhou Ze and suspension of Peng Yonghe’s license (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-revocation-of-licenses-of-xi-xiangdong-and-zhou-ze-and-suspension-of-peng-yonghes-license/; Defend Lawyers, China: Chinese lawyer suspended after posting videos of alleged police torture (7 January 2021), https://defendlawyers.wordpress.com/2021/01/08/china-chinese-lawyer-suspended-after-posting-videos-of-alleged-police-torture/.
[16] L4L, Concerns about the revocation of licenses of Xi Xiangdong and Zhou Ze and suspension of Peng Yonghe’s license (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-revocation-of-licenses-of-xi-xiangdong-and-zhou-ze-and-suspension-of-peng-yonghes-license/; Radio Free Asia, Human Rights Lawyer Faces Loss of License in China’s Shangdong (28 January 2021), http://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/lawyer-license-01282021182826.html; Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe, Letter on the Intention to revoke the license of lawyer Xi Xiangdong (11 February 2021), https://www.ccbe.eu/fileadmin/speciality_distribution/public/documents/HUMAN_RIGHTS_LETTERS/China_-_Chine/2021/EN_HRL_20210211_China_Intention-to-revoke-the-licence-of-lawyer-Xi-Xiangdong.pdf.
[17] L4L, Concerns about the revocation of licenses of Xi Xiangdong and Zhou Ze and suspension of Peng Yonghe’s license (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-revocation-of-licenses-of-xi-xiangdong-and-zhou-ze-and-suspension-of-peng-yonghes-license/; Chines Human Rights Defenders, Alleged Torture of Detainees, Disappearance of Vaccine Safety Advocates & Revocation of Lawyers’ Licenses (31 January 2021), https://www.nchrd.org/2021/01/alleged-torture-of-detainees-disappearance-of-vaccine-safety-advocates-revocation-of-lawyers-licenses/; Radio Free Asia, Lawyer of dissident jailed for supporting Hong Kong democracy movement beaten (11 June 2019), www.rfa.org/english/news/china/lawyer-beating-06112019135814.html.
[18] L4L, Concerns about the suspension of the legal practicing licenses of Yang Bin and Chang Weiping (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-suspension-of-the-legal-practicing-licenses-of-yang-bin-en-chang-weiping/; Radio Free Asia, ‘I feel pretty helpless right now’: Guangdong rights attorney Yang Bin (14 August 2020), https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/attorney-08142020103650.html; NY Times, In China, the Formidable Prosecutor Turned Lonely Rights Defender (20 October 2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/world/asia/china-prosecutor-lawyer.html.
Annex 2: List of cases compiled by the 5th China Human Rights Lawyers Day
Below is the list the organizers of the 5th China Human Rights Lawyers Day prepared for the event.
I
目前在押或失踪的律师
Currently Imprisoned or disappeared Lawyers and Legal Advocates (17)
1. 常玮平，律师，陕西，2020年10月被捕，被控 “煽动颠覆”，仍未被起诉。2020年1月因厦门聚会被关押10天，遭受酷刑。
Chang Weiping, lawyer, Shaanxi Province. Detained in October 2020 on suspicion of “inciting subversion,” yet to be indicted.
2. 张展，律师，上海，2020年5月被捕，被控“寻衅滋事”，2020年12月被判处有期徒刑4年。
Zhang Zhan, lawyer, Shanghai. Arrested in May 2020, sentenced to 4 years in prison in December 2020 on charges of “provoking disturbances.”
3. 许志永，法律学者，公民运动活动家，北京，2020年2月被捕，被控“颠覆”，2021年8月被起诉，仍未审判。2013年7月至2017年7月，因新公民运动被关押四年。
Xu Zhiyong, legal scholar and citizen activist, Beijing, detained in February 2020 on “subversion” charges, indicted in August 2021. Yet to be tried.
4. 郝劲松，法律工作者，2020年1月17日被捕，2020年5月被起诉，被控“寻衅滋事”和“诽谤”，2021年11月已审判，无判决。
Hao Jinsong, legal advocate. Detained in January 2020, indicted on charges of “provoking disturbances” and “defamation,” and tried in November 2021 with no verdict announced yet.
5. 丁家喜，前律师，公民运动活动家，北京，2019年12月26日被捕，被控“颠覆”，2021年8月被起诉，仍未审判。2013年3月至2016年10月，因新公民运动被关押三年半。
Ding Jiaxi, former lawyer and citizen activist, Beijing. Detained in December 2019 on “subversion” charges, indicted in August 2021. Yet to be tried.
6. 覃永沛，律师，广西，2019年10月31日被捕，被控“煽动颠覆”，2020年5月被起诉，仍未审未判。
Qin Yongpei, lawyer, Guangxi. Detained in October 2019, indicted on charges of “inciting subversion,” yet to be tried.
7. 陈家鸿，律师，广西，2019年4月29日被捕，被控“煽动颠覆”，2020年6月已审判，至今无判决。
Chen Jiahong, lawyer, Guangxi. Detained in April 2019 on “inciting subversion” charges, tried in June 2020 without verdict as of now.
8. 陈武权，律师，广东，2018年2月9日被捕，2019年1月18日被判刑5年，“寻衅滋事罪”。
Chen Wuquan, lawyer, Guangdong. Detained in February 2018, sentenced to 5 years in prison in January 2019, for “provoking disturbances.”
9. 余文生，律师，北京，2018年1月被捕，被控“煽动颠覆”，2020年6月被判处有期徒刑4年。
Yu Wensheng, lawyer, Beijing. Detained in January 2018, sentenced to 4 years in prison in June 2020 on “subversion” charges.
10. 李昱函，律师，北京，2017年10月被捕，2018年3月被起诉，被控“寻衅滋事”和“诈骗”，2021年10月开庭审判，仍无判决。
Li Yuhan, lawyer, Beijing. Detained in October 2017, indicted in October 2018 on charges of “provoking disturbances” and “fraud,” tried in October 2021 with no verdict announced yet.
11. 高智晟，律师，北京， 2006年至2012年间，高智晟几次被失踪，时间长达三年以上，遭受了"没有言语可以形容"的酷刑。2011年底至2014年8月，在新疆沙雅监狱被关押两年零八个月。出狱后被软禁陕西老家。2017年8月再度失踪，2021年警方承认他被关押，但关押地不详。
Gao Zhisheng, lawyer, Beijing. Released in August 2014, held under house arrest in Shaanxi, held at unknown location since August 2017. In 2021, the authorities admitted Gao was in custody but refused to disclose his whereabouts.
12. 刘尧，律师，广东，2015年12月被捕，被控“敲诈勒索”, 2017年12月被判处有期徒刑20年。
Liu Yao, lawyer, Guangdong. Detained in December 2015, sentenced to 20 years in prison in December 2017, on “extortion” charges.
13. 周世锋，律师，北京，2015年7月被捕，被控“颠覆”，2016年8月被判处有期徒刑7年。
Zhou Shifeng, lawyer, director of Beijing Fengrui Law Firm. Detained in July 2015, sentenced to 7 years in prison in August 2016, on “subversion” charges.
14. 胡石根，709案被捕公民，北京，2015年7月被捕，被控“颠覆”，2016年8月被判处有期徒刑7年6个月。
Hu Shigen, dissident, Beijing. Detained in July 2015 during the 709 crackdown, sentenced to 7 and half years in prison in August 2016 on “subversion” charges.
15. 吴淦，709案被捕公民，北京，2015年5月20日被捕，被控“颠覆”，2017年12月被判处有期徒刑8年。
Wu Gan, activist, Beijing. Detained in July 2015 during the 709 crackdown, sentenced to 8 years in prison in December 2017 on “subversion” charges.
16. 夏霖，律师，北京，2014年11月被捕，被控“诈骗”，2016年9月被判处12年有期徒刑。
Xia Lin, lawyer, Beijing. Detained in November 2014, sentenced to 12 years in prison in September 2016, on victimless “fraud” charges.
17. 陈树庆，取得司法资格但被禁止执业，2014年9月被捕，被控“颠覆”，2016年6月被判处有期徒刑10年6个月。
Chen Shuqing, lawyer and dissident in Zhejiang, barred from practice. Detained in September 2014, sentenced to 10 and half years in prison in June 2016 on “subversion” charges.
II
曾被关押、现已获释的人权律师
Released Lawyers (44)
1. 陈秋实，律师，北京，2020年因调查武汉新冠疫情，被关押7个月后获释。
Chen Qiushi, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 7 months for reporting on coronavirus in Wuhan.
2. 黄志强，律师，浙江金华，因参加2019年厦门聚会被关押6天。
Huang Zhiqiang, lawyer, Jinhua. Detained for 6 days for participation in the 2019 Xiamen meeting of lawyers and activists.
3. 江天勇，709律师，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期间被羁押60天，遭受酷刑。2013年在黑龙江建三江抗议黑监狱，被关押15天，遭到殴打。2016年至2019年因组织声援709律师被控“煽动颠覆”并被羁押两年零3个月，遭受酷刑，被迫电视认罪。2019年2月获释后至今被软禁河南老家，至今无人身自由。
Jiang Tianyong, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 60 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011, and tortured.
Detained for 15 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
Imprisoned for two years and three months between 2016 and 2019 on “inciting subversion” charges. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
Has been held under house arrest in parents’ home in Henan Province since release in February 2019.
4. 任全牛，709律师，郑州，2016年为709当事人赵威发声被关押一个月。
Ren Quanniu, 709 lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for a month for speaking out for his client, 709 detainee Zhao Wei in 2016.
5. 王秋实，律师，哈尔滨，2016年因代理709律师王全璋，被关押一个月。遭受酷刑，并被迫电视认罪。
Wang Qiushi, lawyer, Ha’erbin. Detained for a month in 2016 for representing 709 lawyer Wang Quanzhang in 2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
6. 张凯，律师，北京，2015年至2016年因在温州为基督教会辩护被关押8个月，遭遇酷刑，被迫电视认罪。
Zhang Kai, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 8 months for defending house churches in Wenzhou in 2015-2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
7. 王宇，709律师，北京，2015年至2016年被关押13个月，遭受酷刑、被迫电视认罪，获释后被软禁一年。
Wang Yu, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 13 months in 2015-2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV. Held under house arrest for a year after release.
8. 包龙军，709律师，北京，2015年至2016年被关押13个月，遭受酷刑，获释后被软禁一年。
Bao Longjun, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 13 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Held under house arrest for a year after release.
9. 李和平，709律师，北京，2015年至2017年被关押22个月，遭受酷刑，被控“颠覆国家政权”，判刑三年，缓刑四年，2021年5月解除“社区矫正”。
Li Heping, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 22 months. Tortured. Sentenced to three years in prison with a 4-year reprieve. Ended “community correction” in May 2021.
10. 赵威，709被捕者，李和平律师的助理，2015年至2016年被关押12个月。遭受酷刑，被强迫电视认罪。
Zhao Wei, 709 detainee, assistant to Li Heping, Beijing. Detained for 12 months in 2015-2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
11. 高月，709被捕者，李和平律师的助理，2015年至2016年被关押9个月。遭受酷刑。
Gao Yue, 709 detainee, assistant to Li Heping, Beijing. Detained for 9 months in 2015-2016. Tortured.
12. 李春富，709律师，北京，2015年8月至2017年1月被关押17个月，遭受酷刑，获释后曾短期精神失常。
Li Chunfu, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 17 months in 2015-2017. Tortured. Suffered mental breakdown after release.
13. 刘四新，709被捕者，法律学者，北京，2015年至2016年被关押16个月，遭受酷刑，获释后被软禁一年。
Liu Sixin, 709 detainee, legal scholar, Beijing. Detained for 16 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Held under house arrest for a year after release.
14. 王全璋，709律师，北京，2015年至2020年被羁押4年零9个月。遭受酷刑。
Wang Quanzhang, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 4 years and 9 months in 2015-2020. Tortured.
15. 谢燕益，709律师，北京，2015年至2017年被关押18个月，遭受酷刑。
Xie Yanyi, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 18 months in 2015-2017. Tortured.
16. 李姝云，709律师，北京，2015年至2016年被关押9个月，遭受酷刑。
Li Shuyun, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 9 month in 2015-2016. Tortured.
17. 谢远东，709律师，北京，2015年至2016年被关押6个月，遭受酷刑，被强迫电视认罪。
Xie Yuandong, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 6 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Forced to confess on TV.
18. 黄力群，709律师，北京，2015年至2016年被关押6个月，遭受酷刑，被强迫电视认罪。
Huang Liqun, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 6 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Forced to confess on TV.
19. 谢阳，709律师，长沙，2015年至2017年被关押22个月， 被强迫电视认罪，获释后继续被软禁3个月。关押期间向陈建刚律师和刘正清律师详细描述了所遭受的酷刑。
Xie Yang, 709 lawyer, Changsha. Detained for 22 months in 2015-2016. Forced to confess on TV. Held under house arrest for 3 months after release. Accounted his torture in detail to lawyers Chen Jiangang and Liu Zhengqing while in detention.
20. 隋牧青，709律师，广州，2015年被关押6个月，遭受酷刑。
Sui Muqing, 709 lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 6 months in 2015. Tortured.
21. 陈泰和，709律师，桂林，2015年被关押1个月。
Chen Taihe, 709 lawyer, Guilin. Detained for one month in 2015.
22. 刘建军，律师，北京，2015年在山东潍坊法院外举牌抗议被关押一个月。遭受酷刑，被强迫电视认罪。
Liu Jianjun, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for one month in 2015 for protesting outside a courthouse in Weifang, Shandong.
23. 浦志强，律师，北京，2014年至2015年被羁押20个月，被控“煽动民族仇恨”、“寻衅滋事”，判处有期徒刑三年，缓刑三年，2019年1月解除“社区矫正”。
Pu Zhiqiang, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 20 months in 2014-2015. Sentenced to three years in prison with a 3-year reprieve on charges of “inciting ethnic hatred” and “provoking disturbances.” Ended “community correction” in January 2019.
24. 屈振红，律师，北京，与浦志强案相关，2014年至2015年被关押一年。
Qu Zhenhong, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 12 months in connection to Pu Zhiqiang in 2014-2015.
25. 唐荆陵，律师，广州，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期间被羁押160天，遭受酷刑。2014年至2019年因公民不合作活动被控“煽动颠覆”，关押五年。
Tang Jingling, lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 160 days during the “Jasmine arrests” in 2011. Tortured. Imprisoned again for 5 years in 2014-2019 on charge of “inciting subversion” for advocating civil disobedience.
26. 石玉，前记者，郑州。通过了司法考试但被阻挠执业，2014年因纪念中共前总书记赵紫阳被关押1个月。
Shi Yu, former journalist, passed bar exams but prevented from practice, Zhengshou. Detained for one month for commemorating reformer CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang in 2014.
27. 常伯阳，律师，郑州，2014年因纪念中共前总书记赵紫阳，被关押6个月。
Chang Boyang, lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for 6 months for commemorating reformer CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang in 2014.
28. 姬来松，律师，郑州，2014年因纪念中共前总书记赵紫阳，被关押4个月。
Ji Laisong, lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for 4 months for commemorating reformer CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang in 2014.
29. 王全平，律师，江门，2014年因声援新公民运动被捕者被拘留10天。
Wang Quanping, lawyer, Jiangmen. Detained for 10 days for supporting the New Citizen Movement detainees in 2014.
30. 蒋援民，律师，深圳，2013年因帮助农民维权被关押6个月。
Jiang Yuanmin, lawyer, Shenzhen. Detained for 6 months for helping farmers to defend their rights in 2013.
31. 唐吉田，律师，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期间被秘密羁押20天，遭受酷刑； 2013年在黑龙江建三江抗议黑监狱，被关押15天，遭到殴打。2013年10月在黑龙江鸡西抗议黑监狱，被行政拘留5天。
Tang Jitian, lawyer, Beijing. Detained and tortured for 20 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Detained for 15 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013. Detained for 5 days for protesting a black jail in Jixi, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
32. 王成，律师，杭州，2013年3月在黑龙江建三江抗议黑监狱，被关押15天，遭到殴打。
Wang Cheng, lawyer, Hangzhou. Detained for 15 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
33. 张俊杰，律师，郑州，2013年3月在黑龙江建三江抗议黑监狱，被关押5天，遭到殴打。
Zhang Junjie, lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for 5 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
34. 蔡瑛，律师，长沙，2012年因办案遭地方政府报复，被羁押87天，遭到酷刑。
Cai Ying, lawyer, Changsha. Detained for 87 days as a retaliation of local government in Human in 2012. Tortured.
35. 刘士辉，律师，广州，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期间被羁押 108天，遭受酷刑。
Liu Shihui, lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 108 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
36. 刘正清，律师，广州，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期间被羁押30天，遭受酷刑。
Liu Zhengqing, lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 30 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
37. 滕彪，律师，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期间被羁押70天，遭受酷刑。
Teng Biao, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 70 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
38. 金光鸿，律师，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期间被拘留10天，遭受酷刑。
Jin Guanghong, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 10 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
39. 刘晓原，律师，北京，2011年茉莉花抓捕期间，为被失踪的艾未未发声，被羁押5天，遭受酷刑。
Liu Xiaoyuan, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 5 days for speaking out for Ai Weiwei, who was disappeared during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
40. 李天天，律师，上海，2011 年在茉莉花抓捕期间被羁押100天，遭受酷刑。
Li Tiantian, lawyer, Shanghai. Detained for 100 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
41. 王永航，律师，大连，2009年至2016年因为法轮功辩护被关押七年。狱中遭受酷刑。
Wang Yonghang, lawyer, Dalian. Detained for 7 years from 2009 to 2016 for defending Falungong practitioners. Tortured.
42. 郑恩宠，律师，上海，2003年至2006年被关押近三年，被控“泄露国家秘密”，狱中遭受虐待。
Zheng Enchong, lawyer, Shanghai. Detained for nearly 3 years from 2003 to 2006 for “leaking state secrets.” Mistreated in prison.
43. 李苏滨（去世），律师，北京，1991年至1996年期间因帮助弱势群体维权多次遭羁押，共计400天。
Li Subin (deseased), lawyer, Beijing. Detained total 400 days during 1991 to 1996 for defending the rights of clients.
44. 李大伟，前政治犯，西宁。通过了司法考试但被阻挠执业， 2001年至2012年，被控“颠覆国家政权”，入狱11年。
Li Dawei, former political prisoner in Xining, Gansu province. Imprisoned for 11 years from 2001 to 2012. Passed bar exams in 1998 but has been prevented from practice since.
III
被剥夺执业资格
Lawyers Disbarred for Their Human Rights Work (71)
Lawyers whose licenses have been suspended or permanently revoked, as well as those who have passed the bar exams but have been prevented from practicing.
2021 (7 to date)
梁小军 (北京)，蔺其磊 (北京)，卢思位 (成都)，任全牛 (郑州)，袭祥栋 (济南)，杨晖 (厦门)，彭永和 (上海)
Liang Xiaojun (Beijing), Lin Qilei (Beijing), Lu Siwei (Chengdu), Ren Quanniu (Zhengzhou), Xi Xiangdong (Jinan), Yang Hui (Xiamen), Peng Yonghe (Shangahi)
2020 (4)
谢阳 (长沙)，杨斌 (广州)，王宇 (北京)，任照 (信阳)
Xie Yang (Changsha), Yang Bin (Guangzhou), Wang Yu (Beijing), Ren Zhao (Xinyang)
2019 (6)
常玮平 (宝鸡)，李金星 (济南)，张雪忠 (上海)，王全璋 (北京)，陈建刚 (北京)，包龙军 (北京)
Chang Weiping (Baoji), Li Jinxing (Jinan), Zhang Xuezhong (Shanghai), Wang Quanzhang (Beijing), Chen Jiangang (Beijing), Bao Longjun (Beijing)
2018 (15)
李和平 (北京)，周世峰 (北京)，谢燕益 (北京)，刘晓原 (北京)，程海 (北京)，余文生 (北京)，李昱函 (北京), 隋牧青 (广州)，刘正清 (广州)，陈科云 (广州)，文东海 (长沙)，杨金柱 (长沙)，覃永沛 (南宁)，陈家鸿 (南宁)，马连顺 (郑州)
Li Heping (Beijing), Zhou Shifeng (Beijing), Xie Yanyi (Beijing), Liu Xiaoyuan (Beijing), Cheng Hai (Beijing), Yu Wensheng (Beijing), Li Yuhan (Beijing), Sui Muqing (Guangzhou), Liu Zhengqing (Guangzhou), Chen Keyun (Guangzhou), Wen Donghai (Changsha), Yang Jinzhu (Changsha), Qin Yongpei (Nanning), Chen Jiahong (Nanning), Ma Lianshun (Zhengzhou)
2017 (6)
王理乾 (昆明)，王龙得 (昆明)，毛晓敏 (昆明)，玉品健 (南宁)，张展 (上海)，祝圣武 (济南)
Wang Liqian (Kunming), Wang Longde (Kunming), Mao Xiaomin (Kunming), Yu Pinjian (Nanning), Zhang Zhan (Shanghai), Zhu Shengwu (Jinan)
2016 (4)
夏霖 (北京)，浦志强 (北京)，刘书庆 (济南)，石玉 (郑州)
Xia Lin (Beijing), Pu Zhiqiang (Beijing), Liu Shuqing (Jinan), Shi Yu (Zhengzhou)
2015 (2)
谢远东 (北京), 左培生 (北京)
Xie Yuandong (Beijing), Zuo Peisheng (Beijing)
2014 (2)
丁家喜 (北京)，王全平 (江门)
Ding Jiaxi (Beijing), Wang Quanping (Jiangmen)
2013 (1)
金光鸿 (北京)
Jin Guanghong (Beijing)
2012 (3)
王成 (杭州)，陈武权 (湛江)，罗茜 (长沙)
Wang Cheng (Hangzhou), Chen Wuquan (Zhanjiang), Luo Xi (Changsha)
2011 (1)
李天天 (上海)
Li Tiantian (Shanghai)
2010 (5)
唐吉田 (北京)，刘巍 (北京)，童朝平 (北京)，温海波 (北京)，刘士辉 (广州)
Tang Jitian (Beijing), Liu Wei (Beijing), Tong Chaoping (Beijing), Wen Haibo (Beijing),
Liu Shihui (Guangzhou)
2009 (2)
江天勇 (北京), 王永航 (大连)
Jiang Tianyong (Beijing), Wang Yonghang (Dalian)
2008 (3)
滕彪 (北京)，张立辉 (北京)，刘尧 (广州)
Teng Biao (Beijing), Zhang Lihui (Beijing), Liu Yao (Guangzhou)
2007 (1)
张鉴康 (西安)
Zhang Jiankang (Xi’an)
2006 (2)
高智晟 (北京)，刘四新 (北京)
Gao Zhisheng (Beijing), Liu Sixin (Beijing)
2005 (4)
唐荆陵 (广州)，郭艳 (广州)，李苏滨 (北京)，陈树庆 (杭州)
Tang Jingling (广州), Guo Yan (Guangzhou), Li Subin (Beijing), Chen Shuqing (Hangzhou)
2004 (1)
郭国汀 (上海)
Guo Guoting (Shanghai)
2003 (1)
郑恩宠 (上海)
Zheng Enchong (Shanghai)
1998 (1)
李大伟 (西宁)
Li Dawei (Xining)
IV.
因办理人权案件而被强行关闭的律师事务所
Law Firms Shut Down for Work on Human Rights Cases (8)
北京瑞凯律师事务所 （2021）Beijing Ruikai Law Firm
广西百举鸣律师事务所 （2018）Guangxi Baijuming Law Firm
北京悟天律师事务所（2018）Beijing Wutian Law Firm
北京锋锐律师事务所（2018）Beijing Fengrui Law Firm
北京安汇律师事务所 （2011）Beijing Anhui Law Firm
北京旗鉴律师事务所 （2011）Beijing Qijian Law Firm
北京高博隆华律师事务所（2010）Beijing Global Law Firm
北京舜和律师事务所 （2010）Beijing Shunhe Law Firm
V.
被禁止出境
Lawyers Prohibited From Traveling Outside China (at least 47)
Not including those who had exit bans that were later lifted, those who managed to leave China despite having an exit ban, and those who may have been barred from leaving China but cannot confirm because they have never attempted to travel outside China.
包龙军 Bao Longjun
蔡瑛 Cai Ying
常伯阳 Chang Boyang
陈进学 Cheng Jinxue
程海 Cheng Hai
丁家喜 Ding Jiaxi
高智晟 Gao Zhisheng
葛文秀 Ge Wenxiu
葛永喜 Ge Yongxi
江天勇 Jiang Tianyong
胡林政 Hu Linzheng
李春富 Li Chunfu
李大伟 Li Dawei
李和平 Li Heping
黎雄兵 Li Xiongbing
李仲伟 Li Zhongwei
梁小军 Liang Xiaojun
蔺其磊 Lin Qilei
刘书庆 Liu Shuqing
刘四新 Liu Sixin
刘晓原 Liu Xiaoyuan
刘正清 Liu Zhengqing
卢思位 Lu Siwei
卢廷阁 Lu Tingge
马连顺 Ma Lianshun
彭永和 Peng Yonghe
覃臣寿 Qin Chenshou
冉彤 Ran Tong
任全牛 Ren Quanqiu
斯伟江 Si Weijiang
隋牧青 Sui Muqing
唐荆陵 Tang Jingling
唐吉田 Tang Jitian
唐天昊 Tang Tianhao
王成 Wang Cheng
王全平 Wang Quanping
王全璋 Wang Quanzhang
王宇 Wang Yu
文东海 Wen Donghai
吴魁明 Wu Kuiming
谢燕益 Xie Yanyi
谢阳 Xie Yang
燕文薪 Yan Wenxin
游飞翥 You Feizhu
玉品健 Yu Pinjiang
张磊 Zhang Lei
郑恩宠 Zheng Enchong