June 2022
Introduction
Lawyers for Lawyers, The 29 Principles, Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada, International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI), Paris Bar Association, Human Rights Now, Bar Human Rights Committee of England and Wales, and China Change are submitting the following observations on the situation of lawyers in the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong for the UN Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers for his consideration of his report to the UN Human Rights Council in June 2022. Lawyers in China have been facing various kinds of harassment for their human rights work, including disbarment, arbitrary detention (in some serious cases also subjected to incommunicado detention and torture and other ill-treatment), and denial of access to their clients. There is no independent judiciary in China. Lawyers in China are all registered with the semi-official All-China Lawyers Association and their legal practice licenses are controlled by the judicial authorities who manage their annual registration. Human rights lawyers are often targeted by the authorities and disbarred due to their human rights work. In Hong Kong, lawyers express frustration of getting more difficult to help their clients to apply for bail in national security cases as judges are not required to disclose their reasons for granting bail or not in accordance with Hong Kong laws. A solicitor who ran for the election of the Law Society of Hong Kong withdrew from the election at the last minute, citing a warning from an unidentified individual. Legal aid for some cases, especially on national security cases, has been reportedly excluded for some lawyers as the government has proposed that legal aid will be given to cases handled by government-appointed lawyers.
Suspension and revocation of lawyers' licenses
Between 2016 and 2018, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted and amended two administrative regulations, the Administrative Measures for the Practice of Law by Lawyers and the Measures on the Administration of Law Firms. As outlined by CHRD and ISHR in a submission to the UN Special Procedures, the two regulations violate international human rights standards. The submission further includes case examples of lawyers who, due to the exercise of their rights to freedom of assembly, association and expression, as well as their professional rights as lawyers, have been concretely and negatively impacted by the two regulations and the repressive environment for lawyers created by the government.
Notably, the two administrative regulations require lawyers to have their license to practice law renewed annually. The Bureau of Justice, a lower-level executive branch of the Ministry of Justice, is in charge of the issuing, renewal and revocation of licenses. The administrative regulations impose strict rules of conduct upon lawyers and law firms for obtaining and renewing their licences to practice law, which form excessive restrictions upon the freedom of expression of lawyers. The Bureau of Justice, being part of the executive branch, does not operate as an independent and impartial disciplinary committee. There is also no option to appeal the decision to revoke a license before an independent court.
According to research by The 29 Principles, between January 2017 and October 2021, at least 43 defence lawyers and three law firms have been penalised under these regulations by having their license suspended, cancelled or revoked by the judicial bureau of China. This compares to 20 cases over the period 2004-2014 and nine cases over the period 2014-2016. In other words, more than 40 lawyers had their legal practicing certificates suspended or revoked due to their human rights work in the last five years. It is clear that these administrative measures are part of an increasingly repressive political environment that harasses and punishes human rights lawyers, preventing them from continuing their work to protect the rights of others and undermining their economic, social and cultural rights.
The revocation and suspension of the law licenses of human rights lawyers continues today. In 2021, lawyers facing this form of harassment included Lu Siwei, Ren Quanniu, Xi Xiangdong, Zhou Ze, Peng Yonghe, Chang Weiping, Yang Bin, Lin Qilei and Liang Xiaojun.
In 2017, Shanghai lawyer Zhang Zhan was suspended from legal practice. This seemed to have happened after she joined a signature campaign against the amendments to the regulations on law firms and lawyers. Zhang Zhan later took part in various protests, including supporting the anti-extradition bill protests in Hong Kong in 2019, and was briefly detained. On 14 May 2020, she was taken from Wuhan to Shanghai and detained by the Shanghai police after she published a series of video reports about the pandemic situation in Wuhan. On 28 December 2020, she was sentenced to four years imprisonment for "picking quarrels and provoking trouble". She launched a hunger strike and was force fed in detention. Her weight fell to less than 40kg by the end of July 2021. Her health condition is critical.
Criminal Prosecution of Lawyers
In their UPR Mid-Term Report, Lawyers for Lawyers (L4L) and Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada (LRWC) have identified cases in which lawyers are hindered in the execution of their professional functions by threats, intimidation and harassment. China has failed to implement UPR recommendations in which it accepted to make efforts to create an environment in which human rights defenders can freely operate in accordance with international standards and to guarantee fair trials, including unhindered access to lawyers of choice. Lawyers in China working on sensitive cases have been subjected to several forms of harassment including improper interference, illegitimate prosecutions, unfair trials, arbitrary deprivation of liberty, incommunicado detention, enforced disappearance, torture and ill-treatment, and denial of access to an independent, impartial and competent judiciary to determine criminal charges and rights to remedies and appeal.
These lawyers include Qin Yongpei, Chang Weiping, Li Yuhan, Ding Jiaxi and Yu Wensheng.
Lawyers prosecuted for alleged criminal offences, including Chang Weiping and Ding Jiaxi, are regularly held in a form of incommunicado detention called "Residential Surveillance at an Undisclosed Location" (RSDL). RSDL was introduced into the PRC Criminal Procedure Law in 2012. RSDL can be imposed upon those suspected of “crimes endangering state security or terrorist activities”. Reportedly, RSDL is essentially a legalized form of enforced disappearance during which detainees are often subjected to physical and psychological torture. In particular, since 2015, after the “709 crackdown”, Chinese authorities have used RSDL mainly against lawyers and human rights defenders. In 2018, UN experts identified RSDL as a form of enforced disappearance, a grave violation of human rights under international law which exposes victims to heightened risks of torture and ill-treatment.
According to our information, in addition, there are multiple cases where human rights lawyers who are detained cannot meet or communicate with their defence lawyers, including but not limited to the cases of Gao Zhisheng (see JUA CHN 8/2017 and 5/2020) and Jiang Tianyong (see JUA CHN 13/2016, 15/2016, and 9/2019).
The enforced disappearance of human rights lawyer Gao Zhisheng is of grave concern. He was taken away from his home in Shaanxi province on 13 August 2017 and no information has been heard from him since then. Mr. Gao was previously detained in 2006 and subsequently suffered from disappearances, beatings and torture. He was imprisoned for "inciting subversion" in 2011-2014 and was released in August 2014. His family, who are now living in the US, have repeatedly expressed concerns about his safety and have worried about whether he is still alive.
Denial of access to lawyers of one's own choosing
Detainees under RSDL are frequently denied access to legal counsel which is guaranteed under Article 37 of China's Criminal Law within 48 hours of making a request.
In the case of Yu Wensheng, whose detention was deemed arbitrary by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) during its 84th session (Opinion No 15/2019), lawyers hired by Mr. Yu's family were refused access and were given a statement, allegedly written and signed by Mr Yu, dismissing the lawyers and requesting that his family not hire another lawyer. Mr Yu had recorded a video before his arrest stating that he would not voluntarily renounce his legal counsel (AL CHN 16/2020). In the cases of lawyers Qin Yongpei and Chang Weiping, the WGAD found that requests to meet with lawyers were repeatedly denied by the authorities (AL CHN 20/2020).
Restrictions on lawyers' access to human rights defenders are rampant, as exemplified and evidenced in the case of Ou Biaofeng, a prominent human rights defender, who was detained on 2 December 2020 for "picking quarrels and provoking trouble." On 18 December 2020, after 15 days of administrative detention, he was detained for a further six months under RSDL on the charge of "inciting subversion of state power." He was formally arrested on this latter charge on 22 July 2020. During this process, Mr Ou was deprived of access to his own lawyer and only allowed a government-appointed lawyer. That lawyer refused to meet with Mr Ou's wife to discuss his case.
Other detained lawyers whose access to legal counsel has been restricted include Li Yuhan, Chang Weiping, Qin Yongpei and Ding Jiaxi.
Pressure Facing Lawyers in Hong Kong SAR
In Hong Kong, after the National Security Law was imposed by the central government of China in June 2020, lawyers in Hong Kong have felt increasing pressure from authorities. Among the dissidents detained in relation to national security charges or denial of freedom of assembly, veteran solicitor and former legislator Albert Ho and barrister Chow Hang Tung are facing trials and potentially long sentences for their participation - and their call for others to participate - in what had been an annual peaceful commemoration of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre. A candidate for the board of the Law Society of Hong Kong withdrew from the election at the last minute, citing advice from an unidentified source. Recently, the Hong Kong government proposed to amend the law so that only government-appointed lawyers can represent clients in judicial review cases if legal aid is used. For example, Paul Harris SC, chairperson of the Hong Kong Bar Association, has been reportedly "removed" from representing his client Adam Ma, an activist accused of inciting secession, before his trial. Barristers are finding it difficult to assist their clients to apply for bail in national security cases, as judges are not making any consistent decisions on bail applications, and release on bail is the exception rather than the rule under the national security law.
Recommendations:
- The PRC government should follow the requirements of UN treaties that it has ratified, including the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;
- The PRC government should follow the recommendations made by the UN Special Procedures to eliminate arbitrary detention of the cases of human rights lawyers and defenders and eliminate the practices of enforced disappearance, torture and ill-treatment and all other human rights violations within the system of "residential surveillance in a designated location".
- The PRC government should implement in good faith all UPR recommendations it has accepted.
- The PRC government and the Hong Kong government should respect the rights of lawyers and ensure the independence of the legal profession and the independence of the judiciary in accordance with the standards set out in the UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers.
Appendix:
Annex 1: List of cases compiled by Lawyers for Lawyers
Qin Yongpei
On 31 October 2019, human rights defender Qin Yongpei was detained in an apparent retaliation for criticizing the corruption of high-level Chinese officials on social media after police raided his office.10 He was charged with “inciting subversion of state power” more than a month after his arrest and has been in police custody ever since. The Nanning police has continuously refused requests by Qin Yongpei’s lawyers to meet their client but did bring in Mr. Qin's two daughters for questioning.
In the months after his arrest, Mr. Qin's case was transferred back and forth between different authorities. Meanwhile, the potential spread of COVID-19 was invoked as a reason to deny him visitation from family and legal representation. Additionally, L4L and LRWC have received reports that authorities in China repeatedly visit and harass Mr. Qin's family.
On 26 May 2020, Qin Yongpei was allowed to meet his lawyer for the first time since his arrest in 2019. Three days later the Nanning procuratorate sent its decision to prosecute Mr. Qin for “inciting subversion of state power” to the Nanning Intermediate People’s Court. Mr. Qin remains in custody to this day. [1]
On 4 August 2021, he was allowed to meet his wife, Deng Xiaoyun, at a detention centre in Nanning. This was the first time she had been allowed to see him since he was detained in October 2019. Mr. Qin reportedly looked emaciated and his hair had greyed. The human rights defender told his wife that he would not plead guilty and wished for his trial to be open to the public.
Having approved an application by Ms. Deng to be Mr. Qin's defender in May 2021, the Nanning Intermediate People's Court invited Mr. Qin and Ms. Deng for a pre-trial preparatory meeting on 13 October 2021, nearly two years after the commencement of Mr. Qin's detention. [2]
Chang Weiping
Since 2013, Chang Weiping has represented victims of workplace discrimination over HIV/AIDS, litigated cases involving defective vaccines and defended rights activists. He was arrested in January 2020 after he attended a gathering of lawyers and activists in Xiamen after the mass arrests during the ‘1226 crackdown’. After the arrest Chang Weiping was held under residential surveillance at a designated location (RSDL, a form of enforced disappearance provided for under Chinese law), in this case, a hotel, for 10 days. His license to practice law was suspended.
Mr. Chang was arrested again by the Baoji City Public Security Bureau on 22 October 2020. His arrest followed six days after he openly accused Baoji police of torture during his January hotel detention.
Mr. Chang currently remains under RSDL for charges of “subversion of State power” and his requests for legal representation is being systematically denied. Applications for bail have been rejected several times. [3]
In the afternoon of 14 September 2021, Chang Weiping was allowed to meet his lawyer for the first time since his detention. The meeting took place at the Feng County Detention Centre, where the human rights defender was transferred in April 2021 after spending almost six months under RSDL.
Mr. Chang continues to await charges in custody after his case was returned by the prosecution to Baoji police for supplementary investigation on 22 October 2021.
Li Yuhan
In November 2019, after being held in detention since October 2017, human rights lawyer Li Yuhan told her lawyer that the court had said that she only would be allowed to practice law again after release if she confessed to the supposed crime of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”. [4] She refused, insisting that she had not committed any crime. Li Yuhan’s trial has already been postponed several times and her court date has currently been set on 27 August 2021. [5]
Li Yuhan has several urgent medical conditions (arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, unstable angina, hyperthyroidism, acute erosive gastritis, cerebral concussion, among others) but has been denied the necessary medical treatment. Applications for bail have been denied. Attempts by her brother to provide her with the necessary medication were stopped by the authorities. The current status of Li Yuhan’s health is unknown. On 11 July 2021 Li Yuhan was able to meet her lawyer and told him that she is still being pressured to confess by the authorities. [6]
On 12 July 2021, Li Yuhan's defense lawyer met her at the No. 1 Detention Centre in Shenyang city. The human rights defender told her lawyer that a judge has urged her to confess, but she refused. The judge told her that the prosecutors have recommended a sentence of between five to six years. The trial has now been postponed to 27 August 2021.
On 20 October 2021, Li Yuhan took place at the Heping District People's Court in Shenyang city. Other human rights lawyers and defenders who attempted to observe the trial were blocked from entering the courthouse, which was guarded with heavy police presence. One of Li Yuhan's two defense lawyers was able to attend the trial. Her other defense lawyer can no longer represent her because his own law firm's operating license was arbitrarily invalidated in January 2021 and he has been unable to secure employment at another law firm. Human rights lawyer Wang Yu, who arrived in Shenyang the day before, attempted to submit credentials to represent Li Yuhan but was rejected by the presiding judge. [7]
Ding Jiaxi
Beijing lawyer Ding Jiaxi was detained by Shandong police on 26 December 2019 as part of a mass arrest known as the '1226 Crackdown'. The Shandong police searched his home and confiscated his computer, phone, and other personal belongings without presenting any arrest warrant. After his arrest, Ding Jiaxi was held in RSDL for 326 consecutive days, during which he was subjected to torture. For a long time, requests to see his lawyer were denied on grounds of 'endangering national security'. Since January 2021, Ding Jiaxi has been able to meet with his lawyers. [8] At the time of his arrest, Ding Jiaxi was charged with “inciting subversion of state power”. In January 2021 these charges were changed to 'subverting state power', which carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. [9]
On 19 May 2021, Ding Jiaxi was allowed another video call with his legal counsel. Ding Jiaxi told his lawyer that detainees are permitted to partake in outdoor activities for less than 30 minutes a day and that their masks are changed only once every three weeks. Due to the low quality of dental hygiene provided by the detention centre, the condition of the human rights defender's teeth is deteriorating. Ding Jiaxi also said his eyesight has deteriorated, and he has still not been given any paper or pen to write with by authorities.
On 21 May 2021, the Linyi Municipal Procuratorate informed Ding Jiaxi's legal counsel that it has sent his case back to the Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau for a second round of supplementary investigation. Once the supplementary investigation has concluded and the case is sent back to the Procuratorate, the Procuratorate must then decide whether or not to prosecute within a month. The Procuratorate may extend this deadline by another 15 days if a case is deemed "major or complicated" or if the sentence might exceed one year of imprisonment.
On 5 August 2021, Ding Jiaxi's lawyer was informed that the prosecutors in Linyi city, Shandong province, have decided to indict the human rights defender. The case has been transferred to the Linyi Municipal Intermediate People's Court. On 20 October 2021, Mr. Ding's lawyer's preparation for trial was hindered by court officials' refusal to allow him unconditional access to the case files. [10]
Yu Wensheng
The Beijing lawyer Yu Wensheng was arrested on 19 January 2018, one day after he published an open letter calling for reforms such as the holding of fair elections. In May 2019 he was secretly tried at the Xuzhou Municipal Intermediate Court. His two lawyers had not been informed, nor had the court published a notice about the trial as required by regulations.
On 17 June 2020, the Xuzhou Intermediate People's Court convicted Yu Wensheng of 'inciting subversion of State Power' and sentenced him to four years' imprisonment, followed by three years' deprivation of political rights.
On 14 August 2020 Yu Wensheng was permitted to meet a lawyer of his choice for the first time. His application for bail has been rejected.18 Yu Wensheng’s wife confirmed that he has serious health problems and that his health continues to deteriorate whilst being held in prison. [11]
On 15 April 2021, the Nanjing Prison authorities arranged a 30-minute video meeting between Yu Wensheng and his wife and older brother. The prison authorities informed the family that they had taken the human rights defender to a hospital for an orthopedic and neurosurgical examination, with the orthopedic surgeon concluding that Yu Wensheng's right hand trembles due to nerve damage from an external injury. Mr. Yu was allowed a first visit, from his wife and son, on 9 May 2021 since his detention over three years prior.
On 9 May 2021, Yu Wensheng received a visit from his wife, Xu Yan, and their son at the Nanjing Prison. This is the first time the human rights defender has been allowed to meet with his son since he was detained in January 2018. [12]
Ren Quanniu
Ren Quanniu is one of two Chinese lawyers involved in defending one of the 12 Hong Kong human rights activists who were caught at sea while trying to flee to Taiwan. Authorities refused to allow him access to his client and threatened him not to continue with the case. His license to practice law was revoked on 2 February 2021 and his law firm was ordered to disband on 28 March 2021. [13]
In early July 2021, disbarred human rights lawyer Ren Quanniu attempted to establish a new company to provide legal consulting services. When he tried to register his company online with the Zhengzhou municipal authorities, the online registration system indicated that his name has been blacklisted and he is thus prohibited from registering himself as a shareholder.
Lu Siwei
Lu Siwei is a Chengdu based human rights lawyer who is outspoken about incidents of social injustice and the suffering of vulnerable groups. His work has focused on issues, such as freedom of expression, enforced disappearances, and torture. Mr. Lu has defended fellow human rights lawyers who are facing criminal prosecution, or who have already been convicted. These include Qin Yongpei and Yu Wensheng. He also represented one of the 12 Hong Kong human rights activists who were caught at sea while trying to flee to Taiwan. On 15 January 2021, Lu Siwei's lawyer's license was revoked, because of “inappropriate” and “malicious” online expressions which have “harmed national security”.
On 8 May 2021, immigration officers at the Shanghai Pudong Airport stopped him from boarding his flight to the United States, where he is due to participate in a fellowship programme. The officers informed Mr. Lu that an exit ban had been imposed against him on "national security" grounds.
On 13 July 2021, Mr. Lu went to the Chengdu Qingyang District Court in an attempt to initiate an administrative lawsuit against the Sichuan Provincial Judicial Department for revoking his lawyer's license. Meanwhile, Mr. Lu remains unable to do his job. [14]
Zhou Ze
On 7 January 2021, Zhou Ze's license was suspended for a year after he posted videos on social media showing police using torture to extract confessions from witnesses and a defendant he was representing. The Justice Bureau said in its ruling that Zhou had 'violated the lawyers' code of conduct in order to "influence a case that is proceeding through inappropriate methods". [15]
Xi Xiangdong
On 27 January 2021, Xi Xiandong was notified that his lawyer’s license would be revoked. Xi Xiangdong has represented multiple victims of human rights abuses, including human rights lawyers who have been detained because of their work. Authorities stated that Xi Xiandong's license was revoked for 'disrupting order in a court' as he allegedly repeatedly disrupted the judge and the prosecutor's speeches and spoke without the judge's permission during a trial. [16]
Peng Yonghe
Peng Yonghe, a Chinese lawyer who has handled Falun Gong cases and has represented dissidents, received a notice that his legal license would be revoked on 29 January 2021. His legal license is officially suspended, because he had not been hired by a law firm since last spring. According to China’s regulations, a lawyer's license can be suspended if they have not been employed by a law firm for over six months. However, multiple law firms had expressed interest in employing Peng but were warned by the authorities not to hire him because Peng was “too political”. [17]
Yang Bin
In August 2020 Guangdong-based civil rights lawyer Yang Bin and former prosecutor was informed that the Chinese authorities were planning to suspend her license to practice law. The authorities took this measure after Yang Bin sheltered fugitive rights activist Xu Zhiyong. She had also taken on several human rights cases against the government. [18]
[1] Frontline Defenders, Qin Yongpei (n.d.), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/qin-yongpei; L4L, One year since the formal arrest of Qin Yongpei (3 December 2020), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/one-year-since-the-formal-arrest-of-qin-yongpei/.
[2] Frontline Defenders, Nanning court prepares for Qin Yongpei's trial (October 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/nanning-court-prepares-qin-yongpeis-trial.
[3] Frontline Defenders, Chang Weiping (n.d.), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/chang-weiping; Amnesty International, China: Lawyer shares allegations of torture, detained: Chang Weiping (16 November 2020), https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/3333/2020/en/; L4L, Concerns about the suspension of the legal practicing licenses of Yang Bin en Chang Weiping (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-suspension-of-the-legal-practicing-licenses-of-yang-bin-en-chang-weiping/; L4L, Joint statement on the continued enforced disappearance of Chang Weiping (26 May 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/joint-statement-on-the-continued-enforced-disappearance-of-chang-weiping/.
[4] L4L, Letter on the ongoing detention of Li Yuhan (9 October 2020), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/en/letter-on-the-ongoing-detention-of-li-yuhan/.
[5] Frontline Defenders, Li Yuhan’s Health Deteriorates and Under Duress to Confess (14 July 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/li-yuhans-health-deteriorates-and-under-duress-confess.
[6] Idem ad 4.
[7] Frontline defenders, Li Yuhan tried in court (October 2020), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/li-yuhan-tried-court.
[8] L4L, Ding Jiaxi (19 June 2019), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/advocaten/ding-jiaxi/.
[9] L4L, Joint Statement on the concerning developments in de case of Ding Jiaxi (26 May 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/joint-statement-on-the-concerning-developments-in-the-case-of-ding-jiaxi/.
[10] Frontline Defenders, Ding Jiaxi faces health concerns (October 2020), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/ding-jiaxi-faces-health-concerns.
[11] L4L, Concerns about deteriorating health Yu Wensheng (17 June 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-deteriorating-health-yu-wensheng/.
[12] Frontline Defenders, Yu Wensheng sentenced, and transferred from the Xuzhou detention centre to the Nanjing prison (November 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/yu-wensheng-detained-and-charged-disrupting-public-service.
[13] Frontline Defenders, Ren Quanniu (n.d.), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/ren-quanniu.
[14] Frontline Defenders, Lu Siwei’s Lawyer’s License Revoked (25 January 2021), https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/upcoming-hearing-revocation-human-rights-lawyer-lu-siwei%E2%80%99s-license; Hong Kong Free Press, Lawyer who handled ‘Hong Kong 12’ case loses legal license (15 January 2021), https://hongkongfp.com/2021/01/15/lawyer-who-handled-hong-kong-12-case-loses-legal-licence/.
[15] L4L, Concerns about the revocation of licenses of Xi Xiangdong and Zhou Ze and suspension of Peng Yonghe’s license (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-revocation-of-licenses-of-xi-xiangdong-and-zhou-ze-and-suspension-of-peng-yonghes-license/; Defend Lawyers, China: Chinese lawyer suspended after posting videos of alleged police torture (7 January 2021), https://defendlawyers.wordpress.com/2021/01/08/china-chinese-lawyer-suspended-after-posting-videos-of-alleged-police-torture/.
[16] L4L, Concerns about the revocation of licenses of Xi Xiangdong and Zhou Ze and suspension of Peng Yonghe’s license (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-revocation-of-licenses-of-xi-xiangdong-and-zhou-ze-and-suspension-of-peng-yonghes-license/; Radio Free Asia, Human Rights Lawyer Faces Loss of License in China’s Shangdong (28 January 2021), http://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/lawyer-license-01282021182826.html; Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe, Letter on the Intention to revoke the license of lawyer Xi Xiangdong (11 February 2021), https://www.ccbe.eu/fileadmin/speciality_distribution/public/documents/HUMAN_RIGHTS_LETTERS/China_-_Chine/2021/EN_HRL_20210211_China_Intention-to-revoke-the-licence-of-lawyer-Xi-Xiangdong.pdf.
[17] L4L, Concerns about the revocation of licenses of Xi Xiangdong and Zhou Ze and suspension of Peng Yonghe’s license (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-revocation-of-licenses-of-xi-xiangdong-and-zhou-ze-and-suspension-of-peng-yonghes-license/; Chines Human Rights Defenders, Alleged Torture of Detainees, Disappearance of Vaccine Safety Advocates & Revocation of Lawyers’ Licenses (31 January 2021), https://www.nchrd.org/2021/01/alleged-torture-of-detainees-disappearance-of-vaccine-safety-advocates-revocation-of-lawyers-licenses/; Radio Free Asia, Lawyer of dissident jailed for supporting Hong Kong democracy movement beaten (11 June 2019), www.rfa.org/english/news/china/lawyer-beating-06112019135814.html.
[18] L4L, Concerns about the suspension of the legal practicing licenses of Yang Bin and Chang Weiping (4 March 2021), https://lawyersforlawyers.org/concerns-about-the-suspension-of-the-legal-practicing-licenses-of-yang-bin-en-chang-weiping/; Radio Free Asia, ‘I feel pretty helpless right now’: Guangdong rights attorney Yang Bin (14 August 2020), https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/attorney-08142020103650.html; NY Times, In China, the Formidable Prosecutor Turned Lonely Rights Defender (20 October 2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/world/asia/china-prosecutor-lawyer.html.
Annex 2: List of cases compiled by the 5th China Human Rights Lawyers Day
Below is the list the organizers of the 5th China Human Rights Lawyers Day prepared for the event.
I
目前在押或失踪的律師
Currently Imprisoned or disappeared Lawyers and Legal Advocates (17)
1. 常瑋平，律師，陝西，2020年10月被捕，被控 “煽動顛覆”，仍未被起訴。 2020年1月因廈門聚會被關押10天，遭受酷刑。
Chang Weiping, lawyer, Shaanxi Province. Detained in October 2020 on suspicion of “inciting subversion,” yet to be indicted.
2. 張展，律師，上海，2020年5月被捕，被控“尋釁滋事”，2020年12月被判處有期徒刑4年。
Zhang Zhan, lawyer, Shanghai. Arrested in May 2020, sentenced to 4 years in prison in December 2020 on charges of “provoking disturbances.”
3. 許志永，法律學者，公民運動活動家，北京，2020年2月被捕，被控“顛覆”，2021年8月被起訴，仍未審判。 2013年7月至2017年7月，因新公民運動被關押四年。
Xu Zhiyong, legal scholar and citizen activist, Beijing, detained in February 2020 on “subversion” charges, indicted in August 2021. Yet to be tried.
4. 郝勁松，法律工作者，2020年1月17日被捕，2020年5月被起訴，被控“尋釁滋事”和“誹謗”，2021年11月已審判，無判決。
Hao Jinsong, legal advocate. Detained in January 2020, indicted on charges of “provoking disturbances” and “defamation,” and tried in November 2021 with no verdict announced yet.
5. 丁家喜，前律師，公民運動活動家，北京，2019年12月26日被捕，被控“顛覆”，2021年8月被起訴，仍未審判。 2013年3月至2016年10月，因新公民運動被關押三年半。
Ding Jiaxi, former lawyer and citizen activist, Beijing. Detained in December 2019 on “subversion” charges, indicted in August 2021. Yet to be tried.
6. 覃永沛，律師，廣西，2019年10月31日被捕，被控“煽動顛覆”，2020年5月被起訴，仍未審未判。
Qin Yongpei, lawyer, Guangxi. Detained in October 2019, indicted on charges of “inciting subversion,” yet to be tried.
7. 陳家鴻，律師，廣西，2019年4月29日被捕，被控“煽動顛覆”，2020年6月已審判，至今無判決。
Chen Jiahong, lawyer, Guangxi. Detained in April 2019 on “inciting subversion” charges, tried in June 2020 without verdict as of now.
8. 陳武權，律師，廣東，2018年2月9日被捕，2019年1月18日被判刑5年，“尋釁滋事罪”。
Chen Wuquan, lawyer, Guangdong. Detained in February 2018, sentenced to 5 years in prison in January 2019, for “provoking disturbances.”
9. 余文生，律師，北京，2018年1月被捕，被控“煽動顛覆”，2020年6月被判處有期徒刑4年。
Yu Wensheng, lawyer, Beijing. Detained in January 2018, sentenced to 4 years in prison in June 2020 on “subversion” charges.
10. 李昱函，律師，北京，2017年10月被捕，2018年3月被起訴，被控“尋釁滋事”和“詐騙”，2021年10月開庭審判，仍無判決。
Li Yuhan, lawyer, Beijing. Detained in October 2017, indicted in October 2018 on charges of “provoking disturbances” and “fraud,” tried in October 2021 with no verdict announced yet.
11. 高智晟，律師，北京， 2006年至2012年間，高智晟幾次被失踪，時間長達三年以上，遭受了"沒有言語可以形容"的酷刑。 2011年底至2014年8月，在新疆沙雅監獄被關押兩年零八個月。出獄後被軟禁陝西老家。 2017年8月再度失踪，2021年警方承認他被關押，但關押地不詳。
Gao Zhisheng, lawyer, Beijing. Released in August 2014, held under house arrest in Shaanxi, held at unknown location since August 2017. In 2021, the authorities admitted Gao was in custody but refused to disclose his whereabouts.
12. 劉堯，律師，廣東，2015年12月被捕，被控“敲詐勒索”, 2017年12月被判處有期徒刑20年。
Liu Yao, lawyer, Guangdong. Detained in December 2015, sentenced to 20 years in prison in December 2017, on “extortion” charges.
13. 周世鋒，律師，北京，2015年7月被捕，被控“顛覆”，2016年8月被判處有期徒刑7年。
Zhou Shifeng, lawyer, director of Beijing Fengrui Law Firm. Detained in July 2015, sentenced to 7 years in prison in August 2016, on “subversion” charges.
14. 胡石根，709案被捕公民，北京，2015年7月被捕，被控“顛覆”，2016年8月被判處有期徒刑7年6個月。
Hu Shigen, dissident, Beijing. Detained in July 2015 during the 709 crackdown, sentenced to 7 and half years in prison in August 2016 on “subversion” charges.
15. 吳淦，709案被捕公民，北京，2015年5月20日被捕，被控“顛覆”，2017年12月被判處有期徒刑8年。
Wu Gan, activist, Beijing. Detained in July 2015 during the 709 crackdown, sentenced to 8 years in prison in December 2017 on “subversion” charges.
16. 夏霖，律師，北京，2014年11月被捕，被控“詐騙”，2016年9月被判處12年有期徒刑。
Xia Lin, lawyer, Beijing. Detained in November 2014, sentenced to 12 years in prison in September 2016, on victimless “fraud” charges.
17. 陳樹慶，取得司法資格但被禁止執業，2014年9月被捕，被控“顛覆”，2016年6月被判處有期徒刑10年6個月。
Chen Shuqing, lawyer and dissident in Zhejiang, barred from practice. Detained in September 2014, sentenced to 10 and half years in prison in June 2016 on “subversion” charges.
II
曾被關押、現已獲釋的人權律師
Released Lawyers (44)
1. 陳秋實，律師，北京，2020年因調查武漢新冠疫情，被關押7個月後獲釋。
Chen Qiushi, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 7 months for reporting on coronavirus in Wuhan.
2. 黃志強，律師，浙江金華，因參加2019年廈門聚會被關押6天。
Huang Zhiqiang, lawyer, Jinhua. Detained for 6 days for participation in the 2019 Xiamen meeting of lawyers and activists.
3. 江天勇，709律師，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期間被羈押60天，遭受酷刑。 2013年在黑龍江建三江抗議黑監獄，被關押15天，遭到毆打。 2016年至2019年因組織聲援709律師被控“煽動顛覆”並被羈押兩年零3個月，遭受酷刑，被迫電視認罪。 2019年2月獲釋後至今被軟禁河南老家，至今無人身自由。
Jiang Tianyong, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 60 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011, and tortured.
Detained for 15 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
Imprisoned for two years and three months between 2016 and 2019 on “inciting subversion” charges. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
Has been held under house arrest in parents’ home in Henan Province since release in February 2019.
4. 任全牛，709律師，鄭州，2016年為709當事人趙威發聲被關押一個月。
Ren Quanniu, 709 lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for a month for speaking out for his client, 709 detainee Zhao Wei in 2016.
5. 王秋實，律師，哈爾濱，2016年因代理709律師王全璋，被關押一個月。遭受酷刑，並被迫電視認罪。
Wang Qiushi, lawyer, Ha’erbin. Detained for a month in 2016 for representing 709 lawyer Wang Quanzhang in 2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
6. 張凱，律師，北京，2015年至2016年因在溫州為基督教會辯護被關押8個月，遭遇酷刑，被迫電視認罪。
Zhang Kai, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 8 months for defending house churches in Wenzhou in 2015-2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
7. 王宇，709律師，北京，2015年至2016年被關押13個月，遭受酷刑、被迫電視認罪，獲釋後被軟禁一年。
Wang Yu, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 13 months in 2015-2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV. Held under house arrest for a year after release.
8. 包龍軍，709律師，北京，2015年至2016年被關押13個月，遭受酷刑，獲釋後被軟禁一年。
Bao Longjun, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 13 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Held under house arrest for a year after release.
9. 李和平，709律師，北京，2015年至2017年被關押22個月，遭受酷刑，被控“顛覆國家政權”，判刑三年，緩刑四年，2021年5月解除“社區矯正”。
Li Heping, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 22 months. Tortured. Sentenced to three years in prison with a 4-year reprieve. Ended “community correction” in May 2021.
10. 趙威，709被捕者，李和平律師的助理，2015年至2016年被關押12個月。遭受酷刑，被強迫電視認罪。
Zhao Wei, 709 detainee, assistant to Li Heping, Beijing. Detained for 12 months in 2015-2016. Tortured, forced to confess on TV.
11. 高月，709被捕者，李和平律師的助理，2015年至2016年被關押9個月。遭受酷刑。
Gao Yue, 709 detainee, assistant to Li Heping, Beijing. Detained for 9 months in 2015-2016. Tortured.
12. 李春富，709律師，北京，2015年8月至2017年1月被關押17個月，遭受酷刑，獲釋後曾短期精神失常。
Li Chunfu, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 17 months in 2015-2017. Tortured. Suffered mental breakdown after release.
13. 劉四新，709被捕者，法律學者，北京，2015年至2016年被關押16個月，遭受酷刑，獲釋後被軟禁一年。
Liu Sixin, 709 detainee, legal scholar, Beijing. Detained for 16 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Held under house arrest for a year after release.
14. 王全璋，709律師，北京，2015年至2020年被羈押4年零9個月。遭受酷刑。
Wang Quanzhang, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 4 years and 9 months in 2015-2020. Tortured.
15. 謝燕益，709律師，北京，2015年至2017年被關押18個月，遭受酷刑。
Xie Yanyi, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 18 months in 2015-2017. Tortured.
16. 李姝雲，709律師，北京，2015年至2016年被關押9個月，遭受酷刑。
Li Shuyun, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 9 month in 2015-2016. Tortured.
17. 謝遠東，709律師，北京，2015年至2016年被關押6個月，遭受酷刑，被強迫電視認罪。
Xie Yuandong, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 6 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Forced to confess on TV.
18. 黃力群，709律師，北京，2015年至2016年被關押6個月，遭受酷刑，被強迫電視認罪。
Huang Liqun, 709 lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 6 months in 2015-2016. Tortured. Forced to confess on TV.
19. 謝陽，709律師，長沙，2015年至2017年被關押22個月， 被強迫電視認罪，獲釋後繼續被軟禁3個月。關押期間向陳建剛律師和劉正清律師詳細描述了所遭受的酷刑。
Xie Yang, 709 lawyer, Changsha. Detained for 22 months in 2015-2016. Forced to confess on TV. Held under house arrest for 3 months after release. Accounted his torture in detail to lawyers Chen Jiangang and Liu Zhengqing while in detention.
20. 隋牧青，709律師，廣州，2015年被關押6個月，遭受酷刑。
Sui Muqing, 709 lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 6 months in 2015. Tortured.
21. 陳泰和，709律師，桂林，2015年被關押1個月。
Chen Taihe, 709 lawyer, Guilin. Detained for one month in 2015.
22. 劉建軍，律師，北京，2015年在山東濰坊法院外舉牌抗議被關押一個月。遭受酷刑，被強迫電視認罪。
Liu Jianjun, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for one month in 2015 for protesting outside a courthouse in Weifang, Shandong.
23. 浦志強，律師，北京，2014年至2015年被羈押20個月，被控“煽動民族仇恨”、“尋釁滋事”，判處有期徒刑三年，緩刑三年，2019年1月解除“社區矯正”。
Pu Zhiqiang, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 20 months in 2014-2015. Sentenced to three years in prison with a 3-year reprieve on charges of “inciting ethnic hatred” and “provoking disturbances.” Ended “community correction” in January 2019.
24. 屈振紅，律師，北京，與浦志強案相關，2014年至2015年被關押一年。
Qu Zhenhong, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 12 months in connection to Pu Zhiqiang in 2014-2015.
25. 唐荊陵，律師，廣州，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期間被羈押160天，遭受酷刑。 2014年至2019年因公民不合作活動被控“煽動顛覆”，關押五年。
Tang Jingling, lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 160 days during the “Jasmine arrests” in 2011. Tortured. Imprisoned again for 5 years in 2014-2019 on charge of “inciting subversion” for advocating civil disobedience.
26. 石玉，前記者，鄭州。通過了司法考試但被阻撓執業，2014年因紀念中共前總書記趙紫陽被關押1個月。
Shi Yu, former journalist, passed bar exams but prevented from practice, Zhengshou. Detained for one month for commemorating reformer CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang in 2014.
27. 常伯陽，律師，鄭州，2014年因紀念中共前總書記趙紫陽，被關押6個月。
Chang Boyang, lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for 6 months for commemorating reformer CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang in 2014.
28. 姬來松，律師，鄭州，2014年因紀念中共前總書記趙紫陽，被關押4個月。
Ji Laisong, lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for 4 months for commemorating reformer CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang in 2014.
29. 王全平，律師，江門，2014年因聲援新公民運動被捕者被拘留10天。
Wang Quanping, lawyer, Jiangmen. Detained for 10 days for supporting the New Citizen Movement detainees in 2014.
30. 蔣援民，律師，深圳，2013年因幫助農民維權被關押6個月。
Jiang Yuanmin, lawyer, Shenzhen. Detained for 6 months for helping farmers to defend their rights in 2013.
31. 唐吉田，律師，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期間被秘密羈押20天，遭受酷刑； 2013年在黑龍江建三江抗議黑監獄，被關押15天，遭到毆打。 2013年10月在黑龍江雞西抗議黑監獄，被行政拘留5天。
Tang Jitian, lawyer, Beijing. Detained and tortured for 20 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Detained for 15 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013. Detained for 5 days for protesting a black jail in Jixi, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
32. 王成，律師，杭州，2013年3月在黑龍江建三江抗議黑監獄，被關押15天，遭到毆打。
Wang Cheng, lawyer, Hangzhou. Detained for 15 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
33. 張俊傑，律師，鄭州，2013年3月在黑龍江建三江抗議黑監獄，被關押5天，遭到毆打。
Zhang Junjie, lawyer, Zhengzhou. Detained for 5 days and beaten for protesting a black jail in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang province in 2013.
34. 蔡瑛，律師，長沙，2012年因辦案遭地方政府報復，被羈押87天，遭到酷刑。
Cai Ying, lawyer, Changsha. Detained for 87 days as a retaliation of local government in Human in 2012. Tortured.
35. 劉士輝，律師，廣州，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期間被羈押 108天，遭受酷刑。
Liu Shihui, lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 108 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
36. 劉正清，律師，廣州，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期間被羈押30天，遭受酷刑。
Liu Zhengqing, lawyer, Guangzhou. Detained for 30 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
37. 滕彪，律師，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期間被羈押70天，遭受酷刑。
Teng Biao, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 70 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
38. 金光鴻，律師，北京，2011年在茉莉花抓捕期間被拘留10天，遭受酷刑。
Jin Guanghong, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 10 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
39. 劉曉原，律師，北京，2011年茉莉花抓捕期間，為被失踪的艾未未發聲，被羈押5天，遭受酷刑。
Liu Xiaoyuan, lawyer, Beijing. Detained for 5 days for speaking out for Ai Weiwei, who was disappeared during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
40. 李天天，律師，上海，2011 年在茉莉花抓捕期間被羈押100天，遭受酷刑。
Li Tiantian, lawyer, Shanghai. Detained for 100 days during the “Jasmine Arrests” in 2011. Tortured.
41. 王永航，律師，大連，2009年至2016年因為法輪功辯護被關押七年。獄中遭受酷刑。
Wang Yonghang, lawyer, Dalian. Detained for 7 years from 2009 to 2016 for defending Falungong practitioners. Tortured.
42. 鄭恩寵，律師，上海，2003年至2006年被關押近三年，被控“洩露國家秘密”，獄中遭受虐待。
Zheng Enchong, lawyer, Shanghai. Detained for nearly 3 years from 2003 to 2006 for “leaking state secrets.” Mistreated in prison.
43. 李蘇濱（去世），律師，北京，1991年至1996年期間因幫助弱勢群體維權多次遭羈押，共計400天。
Li Subin (deseased), lawyer, Beijing. Detained total 400 days during 1991 to 1996 for defending the rights of clients.
44. 李大偉，前政治犯，西寧。通過了司法考試但被阻撓執業， 2001年至2012年，被控“顛覆國家政權”，入獄11年。
Li Dawei, former political prisoner in Xining, Gansu province. Imprisoned for 11 years from 2001 to 2012. Passed bar exams in 1998 but has been prevented from practice since.
III
被剝奪執業資格
Lawyers Disbarred for Their Human Rights Work (71)
Lawyers whose licenses have been suspended or permanently revoked, as well as those who have passed the bar exams but have been prevented from practicing.
2021 (7 to date)
梁小軍 (北京)，藺其磊 (北京)，盧思位 (成都)，任全牛 (鄭州)，襲祥棟 (濟南)，楊暉 (廈門)，彭永和 (上海)
Liang Xiaojun (Beijing), Lin Qilei (Beijing), Lu Siwei (Chengdu), Ren Quanniu (Zhengzhou), Xi Xiangdong (Jinan), Yang Hui (Xiamen), Peng Yonghe (Shangahi)
2020 (4)
謝陽 (長沙)，楊斌 (廣州)，王宇 (北京)，任照 (信陽)
Xie Yang (Changsha), Yang Bin (Guangzhou), Wang Yu (Beijing), Ren Zhao (Xinyang)
2019 (6)
常瑋平 (寶雞)，李金星 (濟南)，張雪忠 (上海)，王全璋 (北京)，陳建剛 (北京)，包龍軍 (北京)
Chang Weiping (Baoji), Li Jinxing (Jinan), Zhang Xuezhong (Shanghai), Wang Quanzhang (Beijing), Chen Jiangang (Beijing), Bao Longjun (Beijing)
2018 (15)
李和平 (北京)，周世峰 (北京)，謝燕益 (北京)，劉曉原 (北京)，程海 (北京)，余文生 (北京)，李昱函 (北京), 隋牧青 (廣州)，劉正清 (廣州)，陳科雲 (廣州)，文東海 (長沙)，楊金柱 (長沙)，覃永沛 (南寧)，陳家鴻 (南寧)，馬連順 (鄭州)
Li Heping (Beijing), Zhou Shifeng (Beijing), Xie Yanyi (Beijing), Liu Xiaoyuan (Beijing), Cheng Hai (Beijing), Yu Wensheng (Beijing), Li Yuhan (Beijing), Sui Muqing (Guangzhou), Liu Zhengqing (Guangzhou), Chen Keyun (Guangzhou), Wen Donghai (Changsha), Yang Jinzhu (Changsha), Qin Yongpei (Nanning), Chen Jiahong (Nanning), Ma Lianshun (Zhengzhou)
2017 (6)
王理乾 (昆明)，王龍得 (昆明)，毛曉敏 (昆明)，玉品健 (南寧)，張展 (上海)，祝聖武 (濟南)
Wang Liqian (Kunming), Wang Longde (Kunming), Mao Xiaomin (Kunming), Yu Pinjian (Nanning), Zhang Zhan (Shanghai), Zhu Shengwu (Jinan)
2016 (4)
夏霖 (北京)，浦志強 (北京)，劉書慶 (濟南)，石玉 (鄭州)
Xia Lin (Beijing), Pu Zhiqiang (Beijing), Liu Shuqing (Jinan), Shi Yu (Zhengzhou)
2015 (2)
謝遠東 (北京), 左培生 (北京)
Xie Yuandong (Beijing), Zuo Peisheng (Beijing)
2014 (2)
丁家喜 (北京)，王全平 (江門)
Ding Jiaxi (Beijing), Wang Quanping (Jiangmen)
2013 (1)
金光鴻 (北京)
Jin Guanghong (Beijing)
2012 (3)
王成 (杭州)，陳武權 (湛江)，羅茜 (長沙)
Wang Cheng (Hangzhou), Chen Wuquan (Zhanjiang), Luo Xi (Changsha)
2011 (1)
李天天 (上海)
Li Tiantian (Shanghai)
2010 (5)
唐吉田 (北京)，劉巍 (北京)，童朝平 (北京)，溫海波 (北京)，劉士輝 (廣州)
Tang Jitian (Beijing), Liu Wei (Beijing), Tong Chaoping (Beijing), Wen Haibo (Beijing),
Liu Shihui (Guangzhou)
2009 (2)
江天勇 (北京), 王永航 (大連)
Jiang Tianyong (Beijing), Wang Yonghang (Dalian)
2008 (3)
滕彪 (北京)，張立輝 (北京)，劉堯 (廣州)
Teng Biao (Beijing), Zhang Lihui (Beijing), Liu Yao (Guangzhou)
2007 (1)
張鑑康 (西安)
Zhang Jiankang (Xi’an)
2006 (2)
高智晟 (北京)，劉四新 (北京)
Gao Zhisheng (Beijing), Liu Sixin (Beijing)
2005 (4)
唐荊陵 (廣州)，郭艷 (廣州)，李蘇濱 (北京)，陳樹慶 (杭州)
Tang Jingling (廣州), Guo Yan (Guangzhou), Li Subin (Beijing), Chen Shuqing (Hangzhou)
2004 (1)
郭國汀 (上海)
Guo Guoting (Shanghai)
2003 (1)
鄭恩寵 (上海)
Zheng Enchong (Shanghai)
1998 (1)
李大偉 (西寧)
Li Dawei (Xining)
IV.
因辦理人權案件而被強行關閉的律師事務所
Law Firms Shut Down for Work on Human Rights Cases (8)
北京瑞凱律師事務所 （2021）Beijing Ruikai Law Firm
廣西百舉鳴律師事務所 （2018）Guangxi Baijuming Law Firm
北京悟天律師事務所（2018）Beijing Wutian Law Firm
北京鋒銳律師事務所（2018）Beijing Fengrui Law Firm
北京安匯律師事務所 （2011）Beijing Anhui Law Firm
北京旗鑑律師事務所 （2011）Beijing Qijian Law Firm
北京高博隆華律師事務所（2010）Beijing Global Law Firm
北京舜和律師事務所 （2010）Beijing Shunhe Law Firm
V.
被禁止出境
Lawyers Prohibited From Traveling Outside China (at least 47)
Not including those who had exit bans that were later lifted, those who managed to leave China despite having an exit ban, and those who may have been barred from leaving China but cannot confirm because they have never attempted to travel outside China.
包龍軍 Bao Longjun
蔡瑛 Cai Ying
常伯陽 Chang Boyang
陳進學 Cheng Jinxue
程海 Cheng Hai
丁家喜 Ding Jiaxi
高智晟 Gao Zhisheng
葛文秀 Ge Wenxiu
葛永喜 Ge Yongxi
江天勇 Jiang Tianyong
胡林政 Hu Linzheng
李春富 Li Chunfu
李大偉 Li Dawei
李和平 Li Heping
黎雄兵 Li Xiongbing
李仲偉 Li Zhongwei
梁小軍 Liang Xiaojun
藺其磊 Lin Qilei
劉書慶 Liu Shuqing
劉四新 Liu Sixin
劉曉原 Liu Xiaoyuan
劉正清 Liu Zhengqing
盧思位 Lu Siwei
盧廷閣 Lu Tingge
馬連順 Ma Lianshun
彭永和 Peng Yonghe
覃臣壽 Qin Chenshou
冉彤 Ran Tong
任全牛 Ren Quanqiu
斯偉江 Si Weijiang
隋牧青 Sui Muqing
唐荊陵 Tang Jingling
唐吉田 Tang Jitian
唐天昊 Tang Tianhao
王成 Wang Cheng
王全平 Wang Quanping
王全璋 Wang Quanzhang
王宇 Wang Yu
文東海 Wen Donghai
吳魁明 Wu Kuiming
謝燕益 Xie Yanyi
謝陽 Xie Yang
燕文薪 Yan Wenxin
遊飛翥 You Feizhu
玉品健 Yu Pinjiang
張磊 Zhang Lei
鄭恩寵 Zheng Enchong